JJ-INCA-05B - Inca Warrior

The Inca Empire was the largest empire in pre-Columbian America. The Inca civilization rose from the Peruvian highlands sometime in the early 13th Century. The administrative, political and military centre of the empire was in the city of Cusco. From 1438 to 15 33 the Incas incorporated a large portion of western South America, centered on the Andean Mountains, using conquest and peaceful assimilation, among other methods. At its largest, the Empire joined modern day Peru, what is now western Equador, western and South central Bolivia, northwest Argentina, the southwest tip of Columbia and a large portion of modern day Chile, into a state comparable to the historical empires of Eurasia. Its official language was Quechua.

The Spanish began the conquest of the Inca Empire in 1532 and by 1572 the last Inca state was fully conquered.

The Inca Empire was unique in that it lacked many of the features associated with civilization in the old world. The Incas were able to construct one of the greatest imperial states in human history without the use of the wheel, draft animals, knowledge of iron or steel, or even a system of writing. They were also capable of monumental architecture, especially the use of stonework, extensive road networks reaching all corners of the empire, finely woven textiles, use of knotted strings for record keeping and communication, agricultural innovations and production in a difficult environment, and the organization and management fostered or imposed on its people and their labour.

The Inca Empire functioned largely without money and without markets. Instead, exchange of goods and services was based on reciprocity between individuals and among individuals, groups, and Inca rulers. Taxes consisted of a labour obligation of a person to the Empire. The Inca rulers reciprocated by granting access to land and goods and providing food and drink in celebratory feasts for their subjects.

The Sapa Inca was the monarch of the Inca Empire, as well as ruler of the earlier kingdom of Cusco. Whilst the origins of the position are mythical and originate from the legendary foundation of the city of Cusco, it seems to have come into being historically around 1100AD.
Although the Inca believed the Sapa to be the son of Inti (the Inca sun god) the position eventually became hereditary, with son succeeding father. The Sapa Inca was at the top of the social hierarchy, and played a dominant role in the political and spiritual realm.

The army’s elite units were provided by the Inca troops themselves, composed of the military contingents of the capital’s two rival divisions of Hanan (upper) and Hurin (lower) Cuzco. Which was north and south of the Urubamba river.

These soldiers were fiercely competitive with each other, and were called “huaminca”, meaning veterans. These veterans received formal military training as part of their coming of age on reaching 14 or 15 years of age. They were taught not only how to use various weapons but also how to manufacture them. They would undergo numerous tests of courage and stamina, on successful completion of which they received assorted insignia denoting their status, including having their ears pierced, as well as being given the traditional Inca weapons of sling, mace and shield.

Scale: 1/30
Material: Pewter alloy and synthetic fibers
Released Date: November 2024